The Impost and the Abacus in Architecture

The Impost and the Abacus in Architecture An impost is that piece of a curve from which the bend swings upward. In the event that a capital is the top piece of a segment, an impost is the base piece of a curve. An impost is certifiably not a capital yet is regularly on a capital that has no entablature. An impost needs a curve. A math device is an anticipating obstruct on a segments capital that doesn't hold up a curve. Whenever youre in Washington, D.C., gaze toward the sections of the Lincoln Memorial to see a math device or two. The Impost Block Manufacturers of what is presently known as Byzantine design made brightening stone squares to progress among segments and curves. Segments were littler than the thick curves, so impost squares were tightened, the little end fitting on the segment capital and the bigger end fitting onto the curve. Different names for impost squares incorporate dosseret, pulvino, supercapital, chaptrel, and at times math device. The Look of Imposts The engineering term impost may go back to Medieval occasions. The inside of the Byzantine-period Basilica of SantApollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy is frequently refered to show the utilization of imposts. Worked in the mid sixth century (c. 500 AD) by the Ostrogoth King Theodoric the Great, this UNESCO Heritage site is a fine case of the two mosaics and curves in Early Christian design. Note the impost hinders over the capitals of the sections. The curves spring upward from those squares, which are generally exceptionally adorned. Todays American homes suggestive of Mediterranean or Spanish engineering will display structural highlights of the past. As was run of the mill of imposts many years prior, the imposts frequently are painted a brightening shading that appears differently in relation to the shade of the house itself. Taken together, these pictures show the change of the segment (3) to the curve (1) by method of the impost (2). Cause of the Word Impost has a few implications, a large number of which might be more natural than the compositional definition. In horse dashing, impost is the weight doled out to a pony in an impediment race. In the realm of tax collection, an impost is an obligation forced on imported goodsâ - Â the word is even in the U.S. Constitution as a force given to Congress (see Article I, Section 8). In these faculties, the word originates from a Latin wordâ impositus significance to force a weight onto something. In engineering, the weight is on a piece of the curve that holds it up, denying gravitys endeavor to carry the heaviness of the curve to earth. Extra Definitions of Impost The springing point or square of a curve. - G. E. Kidder Smith A brick work unit or course, regularly particularly profiled, which gets and disseminates the push of each finish of a curve. - Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, The Impost and Arch in Architectural History No one realizes where curves started. They arent truly required, in light of the fact that the Primitive Hut post and lintel development works fine and dandy. Be that as it may, theres something excellent about a curve. Maybe its keeps an eye on impersonation of making a skyline, making a sun and a moon. Educator Talbot Hamlin, FAIA, composes that block curves go back to fourth thousand years BC (4000 to 3000 BC) in the district referred to today as the Middle East. The old land called Mesopotamia was incompletely wrapped by the Eastern Roman Empire during the extensive stretch we once in a while call the Byzantine human progress of the Middle Ages. It was when conventional structure strategies and plans previously created in the Middle East joined with the Classical (Greek and Roman) thoughts of the West. Byzantine modelers tried different things with making increasingly elevated vaults utilizing pendentives, and they likewise created impost squares to manufacture curves fantastic enough for the incredible churches of Early Christian engineering. Ravenna, south of Venice on the Adriatic Sea, was the focal point of Byzantine design in sixth century Italy.â Even later, it came bit by bit to supplant the capital, and as opposed to being square at the base was made roundabout, with the goal that the new capital had a consistently evolving surface, from the roundabout base on the pole up to a square of a lot bigger size above, which bolstered the curves straightforwardly. This shape could then be cut with surface adornment of leaves or joining of any ideal multifaceted nature; and, to give this cutting more prominent brightness, regularly the stone underneath the surface was profoundly removed, so that occasionally the whole outside face of the capital was very isolated from the strong square behind, and the outcome had a radiance and a striking quality which was remarkable. - Talbot Hamlin In our own homes today we proceed with the custom started a great many years prior. We regularly brighten the impost region of a curve if and when it distends or is articulated. The impost and impost square, in the same way as other structural subtleties found on todays homes, are not so much practical but rather more fancy, helping property holders to remember past design magnificence. Sources G. E. Kidder Smith, Source Book of American Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 645Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw-Hill, 1975, p. 261Talbot Hamlin, Architecture through the Ages, Putnam, Revised 1953, pp. 13-14, 230-231Photo of Lincoln Memorial by Hisham Ibrahim/Getty Images (edited); Photo of Spanish-style home by David Kozlowski/Moment Mobile Collection/Getty Images (trimmed); Photo of corridor and curves inside the Basilica of SantApollinare Nuovo by CM Dixon Print Collector/Getty Images (trimmed); Illustration of an impost by Pearson Scott Foresman [Public domain], by means of Wikimedia Commons

Al Gore Short Summary free essay sample

Albert Arnold Al Gore, Jr. (conceived March 31, 1948) filled in as the 45th Vice President of the United States (1993â€2001), under President Bill Clinton. He was the Democratic Party candidate for President in the 2000 U. S. presidential political decision. Butchery is at present a creator, specialist, and natural lobbyist. He was already a chosen official for a long time, speaking to Tennessee in the U. S. Place of Representatives (1977â€85), and later in the U. S. Senate (1985â€93), lastly turning out to be Vice President in 1993. In the 2000 presidential political race, Gore won the well known vote by in excess of 500,000 votes. Be that as it may, he at last lost the Electoral College, and the political decision, to Republican George W. Shrub when the U. S. Incomparable Court settled the legitimate debate over the Florida vote relate by administering 5-4 for Bush. [4] It was the main time in history that the Supreme Court may have decided the result of a presidential political race. [5] He is an author and current seat of the Alliance for Climate Protection, the prime supporter and seat of Generation Investment Management, the fellow benefactor and seat of Current TV, an individual from the Board of Directors of Apple Inc. We will compose a custom exposition test on Al Gore Short Summary or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page , and a senior counsel to Google. [6] Gore is additionally an accomplice in the funding firm, Kleiner Perkins Caufield Byers, heading that organizations environmental change arrangements gathering. [7][8] He has filled in as a meeting teacher at Middle Tennessee State University, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, Fisk University, and the University of California, Los Angeles. 6][9][10][11] Gore has gotten various honors including the Nobel Peace Prize (joint honor with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007), a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album (2009) for his book An Inconvenient Truth,[12] a Primetime Emmy Award for Current TV (2007), and a Webby Award (2005). Carnage was likewise the subject of the Academy Award-winning (2007) narrative An Inconvenient Truth in 2006. In 2007 he was named a sprinter up for Times 2007 Person of the Year. [13]

Speculating on Secretary Clintons Reading List

Speculating on Secretary Clintons Reading List When The Atlantic endorsed Hillary Clinton last week, only the third time in the magazine’s history that they have made an official endorsement, one of the many, many reasons they used to explain their preference for her over Trump is that, “Mr. Trump… appears not to read.” Although this criticism came last on their list, it is a serious charge that says a lot about his character. Not reading is indicative of a lack of curiosity, general lack of empathy, and a profound disinterest in knowledge. Unlike Trump, we know that Hillary is a reader. In various interviews and publications, shes talked at length about her favorite books. In the third episode of the campaigns podcast, she mentioned that, like nearly everyone else, she devoured Elena Ferrantes Neapolitan series. We also know that she listens to podcasts and TED talks, and enjoys a good mystery.  Thanks to her interview with Marley Dias, of #1000BlackGirlBooks, we know that she saw herself in Little Women and that Maya Angelous I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings is her favorite #blackgirlbook. Did you know that she even has a children’s library in the Central Arkansas Library System  named for her? We dont know what books are on Secretary Clintons bedside table, in her Audible account, or shipping to her from Amazon but, after reading these interviews, weve come up with six semi-recent books that we think might be on Secretary Clintons TBR list this autumn. Silver Sparrow by Tayari Jones. This novel might scratch the itch for more books in the vein of Ferrante. Jones’ book follows two half-sisters who come of age in Atlanta in the mid-1980s. Both girls are daughters of the same man but only his illegitimate daughter knows about the other family. Eventually, the girls meet and become friends. This sets in motion a series of events with terrible consequences. This book poses big questions about friendship, love, and the limits of family. The NEA selected  Silver Sparrow for  its Big Read program, so this could qualify as both a pleasure and a homework read for Secretary Clinton. Ms. Marvel volumes 1-5 by G. Willow Wilson  and Adrian Alphona. This comic book is a favorite of the Book Riot staff and should appeal to Secretary Clinton, too. It follows Kamala Kahn, a Muslim teenage girl living in Jersey City, NJ, who discovers that she has superpowers. The series is a wonderful exploration of identity on a bunch of levels with a fun, action-packed, and thought-provoking plot. Plus, after the abhorrent treatment of the real-life Khan family following their appearance at the Democratic National Convention, it’s gotta feel awesome to see Kamala Kahn kick butt and take names. Yes, I know that the spellings are different (Kahn v. Khan) and this is a comic book and that their son was a real-life soldier. I don’t want to down-play the seriousness and tragedy of their situation, but I do think that a Muslim superhero named Kahn is exactly who need right now. Sweet Lamb of Heaven by Lydia Millet. Long-listed for the National Book Award this year, Millet’s novel blends politics with a domestic thriller. The book follows Anna as she and her daughter flee Anna’s abusive husband, a successful businessman who is running for office. The book is about gaslighting, power, politics, families, and secrets. If it doesn’t hit too close to home, you know this has got to appeal to Mrs. Clinton. She might read it with a lot of opinions about the protagonist. I would pay good money to see a conversation between Clinton and Millet. The Fire This Time: A New Generation Speaks about Race edited by Jesmyn Ward. This is a fantastic collection of essays a poems, not a single story or history. This format encourages the reader (or at least me) to drop in and out, read things as they become especially relevant, and really sit with the insights offered. Divided into three sectionspast, present, and future the pieces is book could help shape Clinton’s thinking on race, policing, and American history long after the election season ends. We know Secretary Clinton is bonkers busy, so it makes sense for her to look for a book that lends itself to this kind of reading.   Beyond Measure: The Big Impact of Small Changes by Margaret Heffernan. I suspect that this book might appeal to Mrs. Clinton on a few levels. First, her campaign slogan “Stronger Together” seems to be an implicit rejection of what Heffernan calls “the super chicken” model of development, in which high-achievers suppress the productivity of others. The TED Talks’ publishing house, TED Books, published Beyond Measure. TED Books are designed to be “long enough to explore a powerful idea but short enough to read in a single sitting.” Given how grueling her schedule is, a short, thought provoking book might have a lot of appeal. You can listen to Heffernan’s TED Talk online here. Little Blue Truck by Alice Schertle and illustrated by Jill McElmurry: If her grandkids are like most kids, they’ve probably asked her to read Chugga Chugga Choo Choo 10,000 times. We suspect that even the most devoted grandma might need to switch things up now and then. Little Blue Truck is a cute book with a great message, fun art, onomatopoeia and animal sounds that kids will love, and even a seasonally appropriate sequel (Little Blue Truck’s Halloween, anyone?). I have it on the very reliable authority of a sweet one-year old and her parents that this book is a crowd pleaser.   Im 1,000% sure that if Secretary Clinton wanted to talk about her favorite books or fill us in on whats actually on her reading list, Jeff would be happy to revive the Reading Lives Podcast. Please consider this an open invitation from all of us at Book Riot.

My Personal Experience In My Life - 940 Words

For an individual to be a success, it is imperative to possess qualities beyond intellect. To flourish in your career and in life, your character must drive you toward your aspirations. Throughout life, several experiences have molded me into a person of resilience, empathy, and composure. Such values have allowed me to reach my goals and serve my community. In supplement to my intelligence, these assets render me an exceptional student and employee. The ability to be resilient is at the core of who I am, and the challenges that have created this strength have taught me empathy. Because of my weight, I faced bullying often and found liberation in sports and exercise. Eventually, I lost fifty pounds and ascended the social ladder. With†¦show more content†¦When my grandfather suffered from a massive heart attack, and was brain dead upon resuscitation, I started practicing composure. Once taken life support, his heart kept beating for a week. Because my parents raised me to be strong and to put others before myself, I spent the week supporting my grandmother and taking care of my grandfather’s body. I never thought I could handle something like that, but for my grandfather, I would do anything. That week I truly put others before myself; staying at the hospital until the early morning, then driving straight to class, and back to the hospital again. During this time was when I knew to pick a vocation where I could be of assistance to others. Helping to care for my grandfather is what led me to my job as a nursing assistant. This is when I began discovering my love for service and developing myself as a woman for others. At work, there were days when I wanted to break down and cry in front patients due to the pain I felt at the inability of myself and the healthcare system to cure their illness, but I did not cry. Instead, I would tell them that they could handle it, and they are capable of more than they realize; that I hurt for them and that I was remorseful there is nothing further I could do. No matter how terrible my day had been, there was no other option but to walk in that room and act like I had the best day of my life and that is composure. Lucky enough to have theShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1003 Words   |  5 Pagesdifficult to write about my life—not because I do not know what to say, but because I am often fearful of sharing my experiences and having them impact how people view me. My identity and upbringing are not necessarily unique, but I have been in situations that society tends to be uncomfortable with. Repeated sexual assaults, psychological abuse, neglect, and financial hardships are factors in my life that I tried to forget when I started college. Now that I am at the end of my undergraduate educationRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1132 Words   |  5 Pagesget together and notice they have differing opinions, it can lead to arguments. That’s what happened in my case. Recently, I experienced my first big fight with my parents over how many college classes I should be able to take. Ever since I was little, I have always tried to do my very best in classes and really push myself. I have also always been a perfectionist and been very on top of my work. I have always wanted to get things done as soon as possible and get ahead anytime I can, whether thatRead MoreMy Personal Experience : My Experience In My Life1097 Words   |  5 Pagesbirthed in Syria and a mother from the coast of Long Beach, California, my childhood was, to say the least, interesting. However, everything that happened from my birth until now, all made me who I am today, someone I am very proud to have become after these seventeen years. The first three years of my life were spent on the West Coast in the city of Irvine, California. I don’t remember too much from these years, but I do know my parents labored long shifts, sacrificing precious time to support anRead MoreMy Personal Experience In My Life990 Words   |  4 Pagesare only given one shot. Therefore, it is at our best interest to live life to the fullest. Over the years, I have been able to analyze how I’ve struggle from stepping out my comfort zone. I found myself on the same routine for the first 18 years of my life. With that being said, it is a major key to try new things as we learn to grow, therefore you won’t live a bring life. Every chance I get I take on new things to enhance my person. While doing so, I’ve been able to step outside the box. TryingRead MorePersonal Experience In My Life1002 Words   |  5 PagesA personal experience I have encountered would be growing up without my birth parents. At the age of 6 my mo ther put me up for adoption. My father was no we’re to be in sight, I never meet him in my entire life. Growing up in the foster system has a lot of pros and cons for example, I was separated from my brothers and sisters for a very long time, also there would be days that I would go to two or three different homes in a single day. Bouncing around from family to family is not the way a kid shouldRead MorePersonal Experience In My Life1344 Words   |  6 PagesI worked hard at my studies, homework and research and I put my education above everything else. If I was going to pass this tough course with good grades, or pass it at all, my studies had come first, above everyone and everything else which wasn t going to be easy, but it had to be done. I took my computer, notes and books on every vacation, starting off every day and ending every night working diligently on my dissertation. I got frustrated and discouraged at times, but with all the supportRead MoreMy Personal Experience In Personal Life774 Words   |  4 PagesMy mother perpetually advises me by stating â€Å"à ¦ ¸Ã  ¦ °Ã  § Ã  ¦ ¬Ã  ¦ ¦Ã  ¦ ¾ à ¦â€ Ã  ¦ ªÃ  ¦ ¨Ã  ¦ ¾Ã  ¦ ° à ¦ ¸Ã  §â€¡Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦ ¾ à ¦â€¢Ã  ¦ °Ã  ¦ ¾,† which translates from Bengali to English as â€Å"always do your best.† Taking heed of my mother’s advice has led me to always try to be the best possible version of myself, in school and outside of it. Knowing myself, junior year was going to be arduous as is; I would be studying profusely for my SATs and ACTs, going nights with minimal sleep as I would be taking nine total classes, eight of which were Advanced Placement classes, andRead MorePersonal Experience In My Life997 Words   |  4 PagesJohnny and Cora, my younger siblings, their lunches again today. It’s been very hard on me, I have so much more responsibility than I have ever had before. W ith my older sister, Betsy, sick in bed with the Spanish Flu, my mama working in a factory, and my father away fighting in the Great War, I have to do everything I can for my family. I cook, clean, get the kids ready, help with homework, care for Betsy, and I don’t mind it all that much. The only thing I miss most about my old life is getting toRead MorePersonal Experience In My Life1399 Words   |  6 PagesMy time working at a children’s psychiatric hospital helped me realize my strength and taught me more compassion than the rest of my life combined. Many times I had questioned if I was cut out for this work and if I was doing any good trying to help these children. I had to learn to walk on the fine line between growing thick skin and showing love and acceptance to kids who are seemingly unlovable. My experiences have continued to shape who I am had help give me perspective for when I find myselfRead MoreMy Personal Life Experience1293 Words   |  6 Pagesintere sts, life experiences and commitments, I know that I will enrich the UWM community. I believe that life experiences are extremely crucial in self-development. The more you experience, the more you grow as an individual. I say that with such pride because I can say myself that the life experiences I have gone through has shaped who I am. Commitments rather they are large or small, you are dedicating yourself to something which comes easy to me. When I am dedicated to something, I give it my all. One

Argumentative Essay Ineffective Way - 773 Words

ineffective way to figure out what others think, we need to check our perception with others.† (Wood, 2012) Had the father utilized this process it could have opened a healthy dialect between the two of them thereby causing Jim to feel comfortable enough to communicate about his struggle with learning. For Jim, the perception process started with him shutting down after being perceived through the utilization of personal constraints for not working hard enough by the measurement of his dad’s personal yardstick. I believe this could have made him feel powerless as he felt like he was doing his best. Then having his dad stereotype him by placing him a class of students he concluded that does not do well in school â€Å"students who party† definitely did not help him want to open up and talk. The truth is many students party often and does extremely well in school; in fact, it was a great possibility the crowd of partiers the father referred to could have been academ ically producing better than Jim was. 5) The first piece of advice I would give dad is too check the conclusion of his perception with his son for accuracy. In the text, it states, â€Å"Our perceptions are always partial because we cannot perceive everything and they are subjective because they are influenced by factors such as culture, physiology, roles, standpoint, and cognitive abilities; Mind reading is an ineffective way to figure out what others think, we need to check our perception with others.† (Wood, 2012) HadShow MoreRelatedThe Word Retard Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesexplains how society has accepted the use of the word â€Å"retard† as a common phrase to mean or make fun of a mistake that was made. The writerThere are many qualities needed for a good argument. A good argumentative essay must not only show a good grasp of the issues, but also delivers a well-structured essay that communicates clearly. The argument must be organized and structured so that it lays out a clear agenda; it spel ls out the question to be answered and the issue to be covered, so that the readerRead MoreEssay about Breaking Convention in A Room of Ones Own1338 Words   |  6 Pagescontradictions to traditional conventions. In this sense, Virgina Woolfs essay A Room of Ones Own can be called a revolution. Woolf breaks nearly all the rules of essay writing in her argumentative essay. She addresses the reader in the first person, tells the reader that she is lying, focuses on unnecessary details, and even contradicts herself from time to time. Why does Woolf, a competent writer, decide to write this way? Perhaps, her unorthodox style supports her perception on the difficultiesRead MoreTelevised Violence causes Aggression in Young Boys1555 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence, will only contribution to the increased aggression in their future. The movies, television and even video games can influence aggressive behavior depending on the child. Violence in the media inevitable, but this effects young boys in many ways, like causing aggressive behavior. So exactly what does aggression mean that televised violence causing elementary school aged boys to become. According to Michael Thomas from PBS Parent, â€Å"aggression is a forceful action, the process of making attacksRead MoreThe Main Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Arguments867 Words   |  4 Pagesaction maximizes utility, to generate total benefit and reducing negatives. In Peter Singer’s essay, Utilitarinism and Vegetarianism, he argues that people who follow and apply the principles of utilitarianism should ultimately become vegetarians and that vegetarians should follow utilitarianism. This paper will review and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the arguments in Singer’s essay. In his essay, Singer brings up key ideas that give insight to the readers as to why they should followRead MoreAllowing Modified Cars on the Road in the European Union1409 Words   |  6 Pageslaw is to improve consumer safety. The proposal aims at contributing to reach the target of a reduction of road fatalities by half until 2020 as laid down in the Policy Orientations on Road Safety 2011-2020 (European Union). But why not look for ways to raise safety standards for all vehicles, rather than focus on modified cars? What if the modifications improve safety? Whenever a new law is proposed, the first question which must be asked is; what types of problems are we attempting to addressRead MoreThe journey to the center of the earth4109 Words   |  17 PagesENGLISH ESSAY STUDY GUIDE 1. Argumentative Essay DEFINITION An argumentative essay tries to change the reader’s mind by convincing the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view. CHARACTERISTICS An argumentative essay attempts to be highly persuasive and logical. It usually assumes that the reader disagrees with the writer, but it should be noted that the reader is no less intelligent than the writer. Hence an argumentative essay should be written objectively, logically and respectfullyRead MorePersuasive Essay : Waiting For Superman 1174 Words   |  5 PagesDabin Choi Professor Matthew Pilkington English 100 November 17 2015 Argumentative Essay How would one essay be determined more effective than the other? The effectiveness of a rhetorical essay can be determined in many ways; by the content it has, arguments and claims it makes, or to whom and what environment the reader is reading. There are many other factors more than an information itself the essay brings. There are two rhetorical videos talking about topics that are sensitive, but still essentialRead MoreSummary Of Nestles The Supermarket : Prime Real Estate1255 Words   |  6 Pagesconsiders to be one of the more heinous forms of advertisement in her essay, â€Å"The Supermarket: Prime Real Estate.† Nestle uses several persuasive techniques to convince her audience of the evils of supermarkets. Her use of emotionally charged phrases paired with her more logical assertions help to drive her point home while her clear bias and lack of supportive source detract from her overall argument Nestle launches into her essay and in the very first paragraph she is telling the reader all aboutRead MoreEssay Paper1075 Words   |  5 PagesCanadian Identity: A Rhetorical Analysis Essay In this essay, the articles ‘Listen to the north’ by John Ralston Saul and ‘Which ‘Native’ History? By Whom? For Whom?’ by J.R. Miller will be analyzed, specifically looking at each authors argument and his appeal to ethos, logos and pathos. In the first article, ‘Listen to the North’, author John Ralston Saul argues that current Canadian policy when it comes to our north, and the people that reside there, is out of date and based on southern idealsRead MoreAnalysis Of Rich And Poor By Peter Singer1052 Words   |  5 Pagesethical issues) at Princeton University. He specifies in writing on a variety of argumentative problems such as euthanasia, which is the practice of intentionally ending a life in order to relieve pain and suffering. He’s also the author of â€Å"Animal Liberation† which is a text of great importance in the animal right movement. All of these achievements make Singer a credible and convincing writer. Singer opens the essay by giving the reader some facts about what poverty looks like, recorded by the

Northern Ireland †source related study Free Essays

1) Source A depicts the job problems that the Catholics faced in Ulster in the 60’s. It Shows the employment figures of a variety of different companies, and then tells us how many of these employees are Protestant or Catholic. The first example of the problems faced is at the Belfast shipyard; where there were 10,000 people employed, of which only 400 were Catholic. We will write a custom essay sample on Northern Ireland – source related study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considering this was the biggest source of employment in the town, and wasn’t exactly a cushy job, you would have expected a much larger number of people working there who were Catholic. However, this was not the case, and was the same everywhere else. In Fermanagh, the county council employed 370 people. Only 48 of these people were Catholic, and none of those people had decent or upper class jobs. This didn’t change with bus drivers either. 75 bus drivers were employed in Fermanagh, and only 7 of them were Catholic. And considering that over half of Fermanagh was Catholic, this meant that there would have been a lot of Catholics left without jobs in the city. Therefore, the difficulties faced by Catholics in the 60’s were that they were discriminated against by the Protestants. This only shows the job problems they had, but they did face many other daunting problems in the 60’s. 2) Source B helps assess the discrimination of Catholics to a certain extent. This is because it is coming from a reliable source. Billy Sinclair used to be the manager of Linfield football club and saw the sort of discrimination he is talking about with his own eyes. The sort of discrimination he is talking about is that if a football scout for a Northern Irish club spots a good young footballer that is from a catholic school, they won’t take him on as a player. This is obviously because he is a Catholic, so he wouldn’t be accepted in a protestant team. However, this source only comes from one person, and could be helped by being backed up by other people who also manage football clubs, or even from football scouts themselves. Also, source C says that as many protestant people should be in work during times when job opportunities are poor. They would prefer to keep more protestant, unqualified people in work instead of Catholics who could possibly do a better job. This is clear discrimination against the cleverer Catholic people within Ulster. This is a very useful source in assessing the discrimination against Catholics, as it comes from an organisation, rather than just a single person making a statement about the discrimination against young Catholic footballers. 3) The reason that Londonderry became the centre of a civil rights movement was that the Catholics got fed up with the living conditions (as shown in source D) and the voting system in the city. As source D shows, the living conditions were absolutely diabolical. The picture shows an outdoor bath and outhouse, which was very common amongst Catholics houses. However, the Protestants would have had much nicer, indoor bathrooms and toilets, instead of being out in the cold. So that is why the Catholics were fed up with the housing. Also, the way the voting system was set up was biased towards the Protestants. The Catholics were all crammed into one voting area of Londonderry, while the Protestants were spread over two voting areas, meaning that in those two areas, there would be more Protestant votes, meaning more Protestants councillors. The three sources all agree with each other when it comes to talking about the discrimination that the Catholics faced in Ulster. They all show a factor which proves the way that the Catholics were treated. The Catholics within Ulster do get mistreated by the Protestants, even if they are only out of line slightly. The smallest crime could lead to a beating and even a jail sentence, which is how extreme the prejudice is in Ireland. Londonderry became the centre of the civil rights movement in Ireland because it was the main centre of violence in the whole of Eire and Ulster. There was an equal balance of Protestants and Catholics, but there was an un-equal balance in the society. The Protestants always treated the Catholics with prejudice, and never let go of their stronghold over the weaker community. These factors aggravated the Catholics and eventually led them to start up the civil rights movement. After the civil rights movement had started, people from all across Eire and Ulster got involved and were hoping for a united Ireland. 4) In source G, Rev. Ian Paisley said that the IRA and the people who supported it where behind the Civil Rights movement. What he effectively meant was that the Catholics were behind the civil rights movement, which is not the way that Michael Farrell thought about it in source H. He said that there were some Catholics that believed in civil rights, but it was mainly the Protestants that were in charge of the movement. Therefore, he doesn’t agree with the way Paisley saw the civil rights movement. However, Source I Does agree with Paisley more than source H. It says that the membership was mostly Catholic, and that the IRA was closely involved in the civil rights movement. However, it does also say that there were Protestants involved, so it doesn’t completely agree with the comments made by Paisley. 5) The picture in source J, which was drawn by a Northern Irish political cartoonist, does help portray why the trouble continued into the 90’s. It shows five different groups walking around a never-ending staircase which doesn’t lead anywhere. Four of the groups (Religion, Politics, Workers and Civilians) are walking up the staircase, working there way up to a better Ireland. However, the other group (the paramilitaries) is walking down the staircase, as they try to cause trouble and want to keep Eire and Ulster separate. They like to stir up the trouble between the Protestants and Catholics and cause riots. The peace process was being lead by Religion, which is why they are at the front of the staircase in the picture. Then the politics follow the Religion as they wanted the fighting and riots to end as it would mean they would get more votes. Then the workers followed the politics as they were drawn in by the things that the governments promised they would do. And the civilians follow the workers as they are mainly their husbands that are working, and the civilians are mainly women and their children. Also, on the side of the wall it has graffiti that says â€Å"REM 1960 ULSTER† which is referring to the Battle of the Boyne. This was obviously when William of Orange and his protestant followers invaded Ireland and took over what is now known as Ulster. This is to remind people that the rift between the Protestants and Catholics still exists because of this event. Another bit of graffiti says â€Å"1916† which refers to the Easter rising on April 24th. There was also the Good Friday agreement of 1998. Sinn Fein was reluctant to sign the document, but in the end gave in. There was an uprising, however, after the document had been signed. This was because it meant that paramilitary prisoners were released. This caused unrest between the two parties, and caused more riots. How to cite Northern Ireland – source related study, Papers

Northern Ireland †source related study Free Essays

1) Source A depicts the job problems that the Catholics faced in Ulster in the 60’s. It Shows the employment figures of a variety of different companies, and then tells us how many of these employees are Protestant or Catholic. The first example of the problems faced is at the Belfast shipyard; where there were 10,000 people employed, of which only 400 were Catholic. We will write a custom essay sample on Northern Ireland – source related study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Considering this was the biggest source of employment in the town, and wasn’t exactly a cushy job, you would have expected a much larger number of people working there who were Catholic. However, this was not the case, and was the same everywhere else. In Fermanagh, the county council employed 370 people. Only 48 of these people were Catholic, and none of those people had decent or upper class jobs. This didn’t change with bus drivers either. 75 bus drivers were employed in Fermanagh, and only 7 of them were Catholic. And considering that over half of Fermanagh was Catholic, this meant that there would have been a lot of Catholics left without jobs in the city. Therefore, the difficulties faced by Catholics in the 60’s were that they were discriminated against by the Protestants. This only shows the job problems they had, but they did face many other daunting problems in the 60’s. 2) Source B helps assess the discrimination of Catholics to a certain extent. This is because it is coming from a reliable source. Billy Sinclair used to be the manager of Linfield football club and saw the sort of discrimination he is talking about with his own eyes. The sort of discrimination he is talking about is that if a football scout for a Northern Irish club spots a good young footballer that is from a catholic school, they won’t take him on as a player. This is obviously because he is a Catholic, so he wouldn’t be accepted in a protestant team. However, this source only comes from one person, and could be helped by being backed up by other people who also manage football clubs, or even from football scouts themselves. Also, source C says that as many protestant people should be in work during times when job opportunities are poor. They would prefer to keep more protestant, unqualified people in work instead of Catholics who could possibly do a better job. This is clear discrimination against the cleverer Catholic people within Ulster. This is a very useful source in assessing the discrimination against Catholics, as it comes from an organisation, rather than just a single person making a statement about the discrimination against young Catholic footballers. 3) The reason that Londonderry became the centre of a civil rights movement was that the Catholics got fed up with the living conditions (as shown in source D) and the voting system in the city. As source D shows, the living conditions were absolutely diabolical. The picture shows an outdoor bath and outhouse, which was very common amongst Catholics houses. However, the Protestants would have had much nicer, indoor bathrooms and toilets, instead of being out in the cold. So that is why the Catholics were fed up with the housing. Also, the way the voting system was set up was biased towards the Protestants. The Catholics were all crammed into one voting area of Londonderry, while the Protestants were spread over two voting areas, meaning that in those two areas, there would be more Protestant votes, meaning more Protestants councillors. The three sources all agree with each other when it comes to talking about the discrimination that the Catholics faced in Ulster. They all show a factor which proves the way that the Catholics were treated. The Catholics within Ulster do get mistreated by the Protestants, even if they are only out of line slightly. The smallest crime could lead to a beating and even a jail sentence, which is how extreme the prejudice is in Ireland. Londonderry became the centre of the civil rights movement in Ireland because it was the main centre of violence in the whole of Eire and Ulster. There was an equal balance of Protestants and Catholics, but there was an un-equal balance in the society. The Protestants always treated the Catholics with prejudice, and never let go of their stronghold over the weaker community. These factors aggravated the Catholics and eventually led them to start up the civil rights movement. After the civil rights movement had started, people from all across Eire and Ulster got involved and were hoping for a united Ireland. 4) In source G, Rev. Ian Paisley said that the IRA and the people who supported it where behind the Civil Rights movement. What he effectively meant was that the Catholics were behind the civil rights movement, which is not the way that Michael Farrell thought about it in source H. He said that there were some Catholics that believed in civil rights, but it was mainly the Protestants that were in charge of the movement. Therefore, he doesn’t agree with the way Paisley saw the civil rights movement. However, Source I Does agree with Paisley more than source H. It says that the membership was mostly Catholic, and that the IRA was closely involved in the civil rights movement. However, it does also say that there were Protestants involved, so it doesn’t completely agree with the comments made by Paisley. 5) The picture in source J, which was drawn by a Northern Irish political cartoonist, does help portray why the trouble continued into the 90’s. It shows five different groups walking around a never-ending staircase which doesn’t lead anywhere. Four of the groups (Religion, Politics, Workers and Civilians) are walking up the staircase, working there way up to a better Ireland. However, the other group (the paramilitaries) is walking down the staircase, as they try to cause trouble and want to keep Eire and Ulster separate. They like to stir up the trouble between the Protestants and Catholics and cause riots. The peace process was being lead by Religion, which is why they are at the front of the staircase in the picture. Then the politics follow the Religion as they wanted the fighting and riots to end as it would mean they would get more votes. Then the workers followed the politics as they were drawn in by the things that the governments promised they would do. And the civilians follow the workers as they are mainly their husbands that are working, and the civilians are mainly women and their children. Also, on the side of the wall it has graffiti that says â€Å"REM 1960 ULSTER† which is referring to the Battle of the Boyne. This was obviously when William of Orange and his protestant followers invaded Ireland and took over what is now known as Ulster. This is to remind people that the rift between the Protestants and Catholics still exists because of this event. Another bit of graffiti says â€Å"1916† which refers to the Easter rising on April 24th. There was also the Good Friday agreement of 1998. Sinn Fein was reluctant to sign the document, but in the end gave in. There was an uprising, however, after the document had been signed. This was because it meant that paramilitary prisoners were released. This caused unrest between the two parties, and caused more riots. How to cite Northern Ireland – source related study, Papers

The Different Types of Cells free essay sample

There are three major parts of a cell the nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane, if these are stained appropriately, they can be easily seen under a light microscope. The nucleus (in many cell types) is the innermost and is enclosed by a thin membrane. The nucleus contains the genetic material which directs the cells function. The cytoplasm includes specialized structures called cytoplasmic organelles that are suspended in a liquid called cytosol. The organelles divide the labor in a cell by partitioning off certain areas or providing specific functions (dismantling debris, extracting energy from nutrients, or packaging secretions). They are not still, some move within the cell and others that stay in one place are the sites of ongoing biochemical activity. The cell membrane (also called a plasma membrane) contains the cytoplasm that surrounds the nucleus. This is the outermost limits of a cell, it is an actively functioning part of the cell. We will write a custom essay sample on The Different Types of Cells or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many important metabolic reactions take place on the surface, and it harbors molecules that enable cells to communicate and interact. 4. What does selectively permeable membrane mean? Selectively permeable membrane is a membrane that controls the entrance and exit of substances, allowing some in while preventing others from entering. 5. What are some functions of cell membrane proteins? Many trans membrane proteins bind to specific incoming molecules, such as hormones, triggering responses from within the cell. Certain compact and granular proteins span the cell membrane and provide routes for small molecules and ions to cross the otherwise impermeable phosphobilipid bilayer. Some of these form â€Å"pores† that admit water. In nerve cells, selective channels control the movement of sodium and potassium ions. Peripherial proteins may be enzymes and many are part of signal transduction pathways. Some function as cellular adhesion molecules that enable certain cells to touch or bind. Peripherial proteins that have carbohydrates attached form glycoproteins that help recognize and bind from the cells surface. 6. Fill in the following table (LOOK AT PAGE 99 AND REDO? ) OrganelleStructureFunction Cell membrane Membrane mainly composed of protein and lipid molecules Maintains integrity of the cell, controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell, and provides signal transduction Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum Complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles. As the ER nears the cell membrane, it widens and lacks the ribosomes, and becomes the Smooth ER. Smooth ER contains enzymes that are important in synthesizing lipids, absorbing fats from the digestive tract, and breaking down drugs. Rough Endoplasmic reticulum Complex organelle composed of membrane-bound flattened sacs, elongated canals, and fluid-filled vesicles. The outer membranous surface of some Endoplasmic reticulum is studded with many ribosomes that give it a studded view. This is the Rough ER. The ribosomes of the rough ER are sites of protein synthesis. Ribosome Particles composed of connected, membrane-mound sacs, canals, and vesicles. Synthesize proteins Golgi Apparatus A stack of about a six or so flattened, membranous sacs called cisternae. Packages and modifies protein molecules for transport and secretion Mitochondria Elongated, fluid-filled sacs. Two layers, an outer and inner layer. A typical cell has about 1,700 mitochondria. It physically resembles that of bacteria Release energy from food molecules and convert the energy into a useable form. Lysosome Can be difficult to identify because their shapes vary, but they often appear as tiny, membranous sacs. Contains enzymes capable of digesting worn cellular parts or substances that enter cells. Peroxisome Membranous sacs that resemble lysomes in size and shape. Located in all human cells but are most abundant in cells of the liver and kidneys. Contain enzymes called peroxidases, Contains enzymes called peroxidases, important in the breakdown of many organic molecules. Microfilaments and microtubules Microfilaments are tiny rods of protein actin that form mesh works or bundles and provide certain cellular movements. Microtubles are long, slender tubes with diameters two or three times greater than those of microfilaments. They are composed of globular protein tibulim, are usually rigid, which helps maintain the shape of the cell. In muscle cells microfilaments constitute myofibrils, which shorten or contract these cells. In other cells, microfilaments associated with the inner surface of the cell membrane aid cell motility. In cilia and flagella, microtuble interactions provide movement. They also move organelles and other cellular structures. Centrosome Located in the cytoplasm near the nucleus. It is nonmembranous and consists of two cylinders (centrioles), built of tubelike structures called microtubles organized as nine groups of three. They also form parts of hairlike cellular projections called cilia and flagella. During cell division, the centrioles migrate to either side of the nucleus, where they form spindle fibers that pull on and and distribute chromosomes, which carry DNA information to the newly forming cells. Cilia Is a hairlike structure that attaches just beneath the cell membrane. Cilia dot cells in precise patterns. Beat rythmatically to propel fluids across the cellular surface. Flagella Much longer then a cilium and a cell usually only has one. The tail of a sperm cell is the only known flagellum in humans and generates swimming movements. Vesicles Membranous sacs, they vary in size and contents. Contains substances that recently entered the cell, provides attachment for ribosomes, and sythnesizes lipids. Nuclear envelope Has an inner and outer lipid bilayer membrane that encloses the nucleus. The two membranes have a small space between them, but are joined at places that surround openings called nuclear pores. The nuclear pores allow certain dissolved substances to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Nucleolus Small dense body largely composed of RNA and protein. It has no surrounding membrane and is formed in specialized regions of certain chromosomes. A cell may have more than one nucleolus. This is the only site of ribosome production. Once they are formed, they migrate through the nuclear pores to the cytoplasm. Chromatin Consists of the cells 46 chromosomes each of which contains DNA wound around many proteins (like a very long thread wound around multiple spools. The position of the chromatin in the nucleus is not random, but reflects which genes are active. When cell division begins, chromatin fibers coil so tightly, this varies along the chromosomes, depending upon which genes are being accessed for their information. 7. What kinds of substances most readily diffuse through a cell membrane? The cell membrane is a selective barrier that controls which substances enter and leave the cell. Lipid-soluble substances, such as oxygen, carbon-dioxide, steroids, and general aesthetics, freely cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion. Explain the difference between diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis. Diffusion- Also called simple diffusion is the tendency of atoms, molecules, and ions in a liquid or air solution to move from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration, thus becoming more evenly distributed, or more diffuse. Diffusion can only occur if the cell membrane is permeable to that substance and a concentration gradient exists such that the substance is at a higher concentration on one side of the membrane or the other. Facilitated diffusion- Facilitated diffusion is the diffusion of small solutes that are not lipid-soluble, such as ions of sodium,potassium, and chloride, through specific protein channels in the membrane. This type of movement follows the concentration gradient and depends membrane proteins. Osmosis- Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane into a compartment containing solute that cannot cross the same membrane. The mechanism of osmosis is complex, but it part involves diffusion of water. Cell membranes are generally permeable to water, so water equilibrium by osmosis throughout the body, and the concentration of water ans solutes everywhere in the intracellular and extracellular fluids is essentially the same. p102 9. Define concentration gradient and equilibrium. The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentrations. The difference in concentrations is called a concentration gradient, and atoms, molecules, and ions are said to diffuse down a concentration gradient. With time, the concentration of a given substance becomes uniform, this is diffusional equilibrium. However, diffusional equilibrium does not normally occur in organisms. Instead, they tend to reach a physiological steady state, where concentrations of diffusing substances are unequal but stable. p100 10. What is the difference between isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions? Also describe what happens to a red blood cell in each of those solutions. Isotonic is any solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids, such as . 9% NaCl. In red blood cells, in an isotonic solution, equal volumes of water enter and leave the red blood cells, so they maintain their characteristic  sizes and shapes. Hypertonic solutions are solutions that have a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids. IF cells are put into a hypertonic solution, there will be a net movement of water by osmosis out of the cells and the cells will shrink. This is the case with red blood cells, in a hypertonic solution, more water leaves than enters the red blood cells, so they in turn, shrink. Cells in a hypotonic solution, which has a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids, gain water by osmosis and swell. Red blood cells in a hypotonic solution, more water enters than leaves, so the cells swell and may burst. This is called hemolysis. p102 11. Explain how filtration occurs in the body. Filtration is the body’s way of forcing molecules through membranes. It is commonly used to separate solids from water. In the body, tissue fluid forms when water and dissolved substances are forced out through the thin, porous walls of blood capillaries, but larger particles such as blood protein molecules are left inside. 12. In active transport, molecules move from regions of ____Lower_____concentrations to regions of ____Higher_____________concentrations. 13. Compare active transport and facilitated diffusion. How are they similar and how do they differ? In active transport, molecules move from regions of lower concentrations to regions of higher concentrations (against the concentration gradient). The opposite is true of facilitated diffusion, here, the molecules move from regions of higher concentrations to regions of lower concentrations (with the concentration gradient). The two are similar in that they both use carrier molecules within cell membranes. The carrier proteins that transport substances from regions of lower concentrations to areas of higher concentrations are called â€Å"pumps. † 14. How does a cell maintain unequal concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a cell membrane? A cell maintains unequal concentrations of ions on opposite sides of a cell membrane by active transport. Sodium ions, for example can diffuse slowly through cell membranes, yet the concentration of these ions is many times greater outside the cells than inside the cells. This is because sodium ions are continually moved through the cell membrane from regions of lower concentration (inside) to regions of higher concentration (outside). 15. What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocystosis? Pintocytosis is when cells take in tiny droplets of liquids from their surroundings. When this happens, a small portion of the cell membrane indents (invaginates). The open end of the tubelike part that forms, then seals of, producing a small vesicle, this tiny fluid filled sac then detaches from the surface and moves into cytoplasm. It remains separated for a short time, eventually breaking down and releasing the contents into the cytoplasm. The cell uses the pintocytosis as a way to take in things that otherwise would be too large to enter. Phagocystosis is similar to pintocytosis but it takes in solids rather than liquids. Some white blood cells are called phagocytes because they can take in solid particles such as bacteria and cellular debris. The newly formed vesicle that brings the solid into the cell, usually attaches to a lysome, the lysomal digestive enzymes decompose the contents and may then diffuse contents into the cytoplasm, where they may be used as raw materials in metabolic processes. Phagocytosis is an important line of defense against infection. p105 16. Describe receptor-mediated endocytosis. Receptor-mediated endocytosis moves very specific types of particles into the cell. This process uses protein molecules that extend through the cell membrane and are exposed on the outer surface. These proteins are receptors to which specific molecules from the surrounding fluids can bind and selectively and enter the cell (ligands). Receptor-mediated endocytosis is important because it allows cells with the appropriate receptors to remove and process specific types of substances from their surroundings, even when these substances are present in very low concentrations. p105 17. What does transcytosis accomplish? Transcytosis combines endocytosis and exocytosis to selectively and rapidly transport a substance or particle from one end of a cell to another. It moves substances across barriers formed by tightly connected cells. This process occurs in normal physiology and in disease. Transcytosis enables the healthy immune system to monitor pathogens in the small intestine, protecting against some forms of food poisoning. 107 18. Why is the precise division of the genetic material during mitosis so important? Precise division of the genetic material during mitosis is so important to ensure each new cell receives a complete copy of the genetic information. The chromosomes were duplicated in interphase, but it is in interphase that the chromosome sets are evenly distributed between the two forming cells. P109 19. Describe the events that occur during mitosis. (You can include a diagram too) Prophase- chromatin condenses into chromosomes; centrioles move to opposite sides of cytoplasm; nuclear membrane and nucleus disperse; microtubles assemble and associate with centrioles and chromatids of chromosomes. Metaphase- spindle fibers from the centrioles attach to the centromeres of each chromosome; chromosomes align midway between the centrioles. Anaphase- centromeres separate, and chromatids of the chromosomes separate spindle fibers shorten and pull these new individual chromosomes toward centrioles. Telophase- chromosomes elongate and form chromatin threads; nuclear membranes form around each chromosome set; nucleoli form; microtubles break down. 20. What factors control the number of times and the rate at which cells divide? The DNA at the tips of chromosomes, called telemeters had a mitotic clock. When this tip wears down, the signal tells the cell to cease dividing. Some factors include; severe psychological or emotional stress, inside cells; waxing and waning levels of proteins called kinases and cyclins, cell size (the ration between the surface area the cell membrane provides and the cell volume). Volume increases faster than does surface area. Some external controls include hormones and growth factors. Space availability is another external factor, healthy cells do not divide if they are surrounded by other cells. Control of cell division is crucial to health. Too infrequently and embryo could not develop, a child could not grow, and wounds would not heal. Too frequent division, produce abnormal growth, or neoplasm, which may form a disorganized mass called a tumor. p112 21. What is the difference between a benign and malignant tumor? A benign tumor remains in place like a lump, eventually interfering with the function of healthy tissue. A malignant tumor or cancerous, tumor looks different it is invasive, extending into surrounding tissue. A growing malignant tumor may resemble a crab with ourreaching claws. Cancer cells, if not stopped, eventually reach the circulation and spread, or metastasize, to other sites. p112 22. What are 2 ways that genes cause cancer? There are two ways genes cause cancer, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Oncogenes are abnormal variants of genes that normally control the cell cycle, but are over expressed, increasing cell division. Tumor suppressor genes normally hold mitosis in check. When these are removed or inactivated, this lifts cell division, and uncontrolled cell division leads to cancer cells. p112 23. What is the difference between a stem cell and progenitor cell? A stem cell divides mitotically to yield either two daughter cells like itself, or one daughter cell that is a stem cell and one that is particularly specialized. It can divide into other cells and also can differentiate as many different cell types. A progenitor cell is a partly specialized cell that is the daughter of a stem cell but is intermediate between a stem cell and a fully differentiated cell. It is said to be â€Å"committed† because its daughter cells can become any of a restricted number of cell types. All of the differentiated cell types in a human body can be traced back through lineages of progenitor and stem cells. p113 24. Define totipotent , pluripotent and apotosis. (I believe this is spelled APOPTOSIS) Totipotent means that they can give rise to every cell type. Pluripotent means that their daughter cells can follow any of several pathways, but not all of them. These include stem cells that present later in development, as well as progenitor cells. Apoptosis is a form of cell death also called â€Å"programmed cell death: because it is a normal part of development. Apoptosis sculps organs from tissues that naturally overgrow, in the fetus, apoptosis carves away webbing between fingers and roes, prunes extra brain cells, and preserves only those immune system cells that recognize the body’s surface. 25. How do cells differentiate? Cells come from preexisting cells, by the process of mitosis and cytokinesis. Cell division explains how a fertilized egg develops into an individual consisting of trillions of cells, of at least 260 specialized types. This process of specialization is called differentiation. Cells specialize or differentiate along cell lineage pathways from stem cells or progenitor cells.

My Professional Moral Compass Essay Essay Example

My Professional Moral Compass Essay Essay Example My Professional Moral Compass Essay Essay My Professional Moral Compass Essay Essay The codification of moralss is an of import portion of the nursing foundation where nurses are directed to pattern with compassion and regard for human self-respect. duty. answerability. confidentiality and patient safety ( ANA. 2012 ) . Nurses are expected to follow this professional ethical motives and values but besides to pattern their ain personal criterions as good. Valuess are one’s cardinal beliefs acquired from childhood through household and society. Ethical motives are values that attribute to a system of beliefs. Ethical motives is the ability to do right and incorrect determination based on adopted ethical motives ( Navran F. J. . 2010 ) . Every homo is shaped harmonizing to their civilization. religious and single values that were instilled upon them by their household and community and in the nursing universe. one nurses’ beliefs may differ from how others may pattern nursing and manage ethical quandary. The civilization this writer grew up on expects the younger coevals to be respectful. compassionate. responsible and be accountable for ain errors. This writer believes that every homo is entitled to hold the same equal intervention without bias. These features shaped this author’s personal beliefs that as a nurse. this writer has an duty to the patients to supply them with such respect. Nurses are ever impelled to give the best quality attention to their patients and turn to all their concerns. This writer feels responsible to maintain patient safe. secured and comfy at all times and maintaining them informed sing their interventions and status along the manner. Religious value has ever been a disputing subject outside health care but this writer learned that when a patient is in a hard state of affairs. beliefs could be set aside to happen the best solution for the patient. There has been many contentions sing blood transfusion and Jehovah Witness faith and as a nurse. this writer do non experience that it is appropriate to interfere with a patient’s determination if they opted to follow their religious duty regardless of life and decease state of affairs. Every homo has their ain personal beliefs and ain values which forms over their life-time by analysis of their ain observation. Nursing as a profession symbolizes many values such as honestness. duty. supplying attention to patients every bit and with self-respect ( Gokenbach. 2012 ) . The duty every nurse has in the society and their patient is to supply the attention they are entitled and esteem their wants to the best of their ability. Patients give their trust to their health professional that they are having proper attention. safe interventions and right medicines. This writer believes that nurses have a moral duty to be impartial with every patient that they encounter and to supply the same courtesy even with a hard patient. For case. when there is a patient who complains of hurting at all times and the studies from other nurses provinces that the patient is a hurting medicine searcher. this writer will non unfit the patient’s ailments and still supply the proper attenti on and interventions needed and ordered by the doctor. But this is a quandary that can besides put a nurse in a hard state of affairs since nurses are obligated to handle subjective hurting ailments but finds this to be insecure as it may take to trouble dependence. Harmonizing to CDC. Drug overdose has been mounting since 1990 and most of the deceases connected to it were prescription drugs. When nurses are faced with this quandary. the most ethical thing to make is to educate the patient on the hazards. supervise the consequence of the hurting medicine and offer pain direction plans for their ain safety. Ethical quandary provide a great sum of emphasis and anxiousness to nurses. which can impact how they are able to supply safest attention to their patients. One of the biggest ethical quandary that this writer face in mundane pattern is how physicians do non give adequate clip for their patients because of the sums of patients they are to see in a given twenty-four hours. This writer has encountered physicians who are non wholly measuring their patients when they round and do non hold the best bedside mode since they are ever in a haste. Many of the ailments received from patients were that physicians leave their room so fast and were unable to inquire any inquiries related to their attention. It puts nurses in a really hard state of affairs since nurses are non able to react to patients with all honestness when being asked about the doctor’s makings. How do you explicate to the patient that a profitable company means protecting the people who bring in the net income and ignoring the fact that the patients are non acquiring what they deserve and the attention that they need in the first topographic point. Bing that patients is this writers precedence. this writer continues to recommend for them by talking with their physicians and other health care members connected with their attention to happen solution and replies. This writer persevere in doing healthcare direction aware of the state of affairss affecting patient dissatisfactions with their physicians and trusting that it will one twenty-four hours be resolved. This author’s professional moral compass compels this writer to supply the best attention in a responsible. dependable. honest and compassionate manner. Although faced with mundane quandary in nursing pattern. the values this writer has learned from nursing pattern is what motivates this writer to go on making the right thing by staying responsible. accountable. respectful and maintaining patients safe. The mundane experience this writer has gained from these quandary is what provides strength and cognition in happening the way this writer wanted to take. Mention:American Nurses Association: Nursing World ( 2012 ) . Code of Ethics for Nurses. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nursingworld. org/MainMenuCategories/EthicsStandards/CodeofEthicsforNurses Navran. F. J. ( 2010 ) . Specifying Values. Ethical motives. and Ethics. Palm Coast. Florida. USA. Gokenbach. V. . ( 2012 ) Nurse Together. Professionalism in Nursing: What Does it Really Mean? hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nursetogether. com/Career/Career-Article/itemId/2245/Professionalism-in-Nursing-What-does-this-really- . aspx Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( 2012 ) Policy Impact: Prescription Analgesics. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/rxbrief/ My Nursing EthicComplete the inquiries below.Passion: Why am I here? Nursing profession accomplished my end to cognize the existent me. It gave me the chance to size up my strength. forbearance. and compassion when caring for different types of people in different state of affairss. The pride that I feel when I tell others of my profession radiates on me. Bing able to salvage lives everyday is a fantastic feeling. The contentment I feel when I discharge a patient place after being in a infirmary for a long clip and the joy on their faces as I manus over their discharge documents is invaluable. Motivation: What moves me to move? My household is my motive to supply the best attention and dainty every patient as portion of my household. New diseases and unwellnesss are being detected everyday without any remedy and this quandary motivates me to be more argus-eyed in maintaining my patients safe. I am motivated by other nurses who continuous to lift to the occasions when needed. such as making policies for a better and safer workplace. research findings that affects 1000000s of people. and doing a difference on life of their patients through proper attention. Inspiration: What keeps me in gesture? There are many people who inspire me to make better as a individual. My household who has supported me of all time since gives me the most inspiration of all. My household migrated here from the Philippines and reconstruct our life through difficult work. Every member contributed to carry through our dreams of doing it here in the United States and go a good citizen. One peculiar individual who inspired me is my ma who held the household together through midst or thin. She is the individual who softly finds solution to every quandary that we went through and still able to happen clip to transfuse good values to her kids. Loyalty: Whom do I function? My trueness lies to my community. patients and my household. My household is a great beginning of who I am as a individual and the positive attitude I have extends to my patients and my community. I wanted to handle my patients the manner my household or I would wish to be treated. I am ever on the expression out for things go oning around me to maintain my community safe.

Best Analysis The American Dream in The Great Gatsby

Best Analysis The American Dream in The Great Gatsby SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The Great Gatsby is a tragic love story on the surface, but it's most commonly understood as a pessimistic critique of the American Dream. In the novel, Jay Gatsby overcomes his poor past to gain an incredible amount of money and a limited amount of social cache in 1920s NYC, only to be rejected by the "old money" crowd. He then gets killed after being tangled up with them. Through Gatsby's life, as well as that of the Wilsons', Fitzgerald critiques the idea that America is a meritocracy where anyone can rise to the top with enough hard work. We will explore how this theme plays out in the plot, briefly analyze some key quotes about it, as well as do some character analysis and broader analysis of topics surrounding the American Dream in The Great Gatsby. Roadmap What is the American Dream?The American Dream in the Great Gatsby plotKey American Dream quotesAnalyzing characters via the American DreamCommon discussion and essay topics Quick Note on Our Citations Our citation format in this guide is (chapter.paragraph). We're using this system since there are many editions of Gatsby, so using page numbers would only work for students with our copy of the book. To find a quotation we cite via chapter and paragraph in your book, you can either eyeball it (Paragraph 1-50: beginning of chapter; 50-100: middle of chapter; 100-on: end of chapter), or use the search function if you're using an online or eReader version of the text. What Exactly Is "The American Dream"? The American Dream is the belief that anyone, regardless of race, class, gender, or nationality, can be successful in America (read: rich) if they just work hard enough. The American Dream thus presents a pretty rosy view of American society that ignores problems like systemic racism and misogyny, xenophobia, tax evasion or state tax avoidance, and income inequality. It also presumes a myth of class equality, when the reality is America has a pretty well-developed class hierarchy. The 1920s in particular was a pretty tumultuous time due to increased immigration (and the accompanying xenophobia), changing women's roles (spurred by the right to vote, which was won in 1919), and extraordinary income inequality. The country was also in the midst of an economic boom, which fueled the belief that anyone could "strike it rich" on Wall Street. However, this rapid economic growth was built on a bubble which popped in 1929. The Great Gatsby was published in 1925, well before the crash, but through its wry descriptions of the ultra-wealthy, it seems to somehow predict that the fantastic wealth on display in 1920s New York was just as ephemeral as one of Gatsby's parties. In any case, the novel, just by being set in the 1920s, is unlikely to present an optimistic view of the American Dream, or at least a version of the dream that's inclusive to all genders, ethnicities, and incomes. With that background in mind, let's jump into the plot! The American Dream in The Great Gatsby Chapter 1 places us in a particular year- 1922- and gives us some background about WWI. This is relevant, since the 1920s is presented as a time of hollow decadence among the wealthy, as evidenced especially by the parties in Chapters 2 and 3. And as we mentioned above, the 1920s were a particularly tense time in America. We also meet George and Myrtle Wilson in Chapter 2, both working class people who are working to improve their lot in life, George through his work, and Myrtle through her affair with Tom Buchanan. We learn about Gatsby's goal in Chapter 4: to win Daisy back. Despite everything he owns, including fantastic amounts of money and an over-the-top mansion, for Gatsby, Daisy is the ultimate status symbol. So in Chapter 5, when Daisy and Gatsby reunite and begin an affair, it seems like Gatsby could, in fact, achieve his goal. In Chapter 6, we learn about Gatsby's less-than-wealthy past, which not only makes him look like the star of a rags-to-riches story, it makes Gatsby himself seem like someone in pursuit of the American Dream, and for him the personification of that dream is Daisy. However, in Chapters 7 and 8, everything comes crashing down: Daisy refuses to leave Tom, Myrtle is killed, and George breaks down and kills Gatsby and then himself, leaving all of the "strivers" dead and the old money crowd safe. Furthermore, we learn in those last chapters that Gatsby didn't even achieve all his wealth through hard work, like the American Dream would stipulate- instead, he earned his money through crime. (He did work hard and honestly under Dan Cody, but lost Dan Cody's inheritance to his ex-wife.) In short, things do not turn out well for our dreamers in the novel! Thus, the novel ends with Nick's sad meditation on the lost promise of the American Dream. You can read a detailed analysis of these last lines in our summary of the novel's ending. This novel is just one very large burst bubble. Key American Dream Quotes In this section we analyze some of the most important quotes that relate to the American Dream in the book. But I didn't call to him for he gave a sudden intimation that he was content to be alonehe stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way, and far as I was from him I could have sworn he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seawardand distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock. (1.152) In our first glimpse of Jay Gatsby, we see him reaching towards something far off, something in sight but definitely out of reach. This famous image of the green light is often understood as part of The Great Gatsby's meditation on The American Dream- the idea that people are always reaching towards something greater than themselves that is just out of reach. You can read more about this in our post all about the green light. The fact that this yearning image is our introduction to Gatsby foreshadows his unhappy end and also marks him as a dreamer, rather than people like Tom or Daisy who were born with money and don't need to strive for anything so far off. Over the great bridge, with the sunlight through the girders making a constant flicker upon the moving cars, with the city rising up across the river in white heaps and sugar lumps all built with a wish out of non-olfactory money. The city seen from the Queensboro Bridge is always the city seen for the first time, in its first wild promise of all the mystery and the beauty in the world. A dead man passed us in a hearse heaped with blooms, followed by two carriages with drawn blinds and by more cheerful carriages for friends. The friends looked out at us with the tragic eyes and short upper lips of south-eastern Europe, and I was glad that the sight of Gatsby's splendid car was included in their somber holiday. As we crossed Blackwell's Island a limousine passed us, driven by a white chauffeur, in which sat three modish Negroes, two bucks and a girl. I laughed aloud as the yolks of their eyeballs rolled toward us in haughty rivalry. "Anything can happen now that we've slid over this bridge," I thought; "anything at all. . . ." Even Gatsby could happen, without any particular wonder. (4.55-8) Early in the novel, we get this mostly optimistic illustration of the American Dream- we see people of different races and nationalities racing towards NYC, a city of unfathomable possibility. This moment has all the classic elements of the American Dream- economic possibility, racial and religious diversity, a carefree attitude. At this moment, it does feel like "anything can happen," even a happy ending. However, this rosy view eventually gets undermined by the tragic events later in the novel. And even at this point, Nick's condescension towards the people in the other cars reinforces America's racial hierarchy that disrupts the idea of the American Dream. There is even a little competition at play, a "haughty rivalry" at play between Gatsby's car and the one bearing the "modish Negroes." Nick "laughs aloud" at this moment, suggesting he thinks it's amusing that the passengers in this other car see them as equals, or even rivals to be bested. In other words, he seems to firmly believe in the racial hierarchy Tom defends in Chapter 1, even if it doesn't admit it honestly. His heart beat faster and faster as Daisy's white face came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God. So he waited, listening for a moment longer to the tuning fork that had been struck upon a star. Then he kissed her. At his lips' touch she blossomed for him like a flower and the incarnation was complete. (6.134) This moment explicitly ties Daisy to all of Gatsby's larger dreams for a better life- to his American Dream. This sets the stage for the novel's tragic ending, since Daisy cannot hold up under the weight of the dream Gatsby projects onto her. Instead, she stays with Tom Buchanan, despite her feelings for Gatsby. Thus when Gatsby fails to win over Daisy, he also fails to achieve his version of the American Dream. This is why so many people read the novel as a somber or pessimistic take on the American Dream, rather than an optimistic one. ...as the moon rose higher the inessential houses began to melt away until gradually I became aware of the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors' eyesa fresh, green breast of the new world. Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby's house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams; for a transitory enchanted moment man must have held his breath in the presence of this continent, compelled into an aesthetic contemplation he neither understood nor desired, face to face for the last time in history with something commensurate to his capacity for wonder. And as I sat there brooding on the old, unknown world, I thought of Gatsby's wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisy's dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night." (9.151-152) The closing pages of the novel reflect at length on the American Dream, in an attitude that seems simultaneously mournful, appreciative, and pessimistic. It also ties back to our first glimpse of Gatsby, reaching out over the water towards the Buchanan's green light. Nick notes that Gatsby's dream was "already behind him" then (or in other words, it was impossible to attain). But still, he finds something to admire in how Gatsby still hoped for a better life, and constantly reached out toward that brighter future. For a full consideration of these last lines and what they could mean, see our analysis of the novel's ending. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Analyzing Characters Through the American Dream An analysis of the characters in terms of the American Dream usually leads to a pretty cynical take on the American Dream. Most character analysis centered on the American Dream will necessarily focus on Gatsby, George, or Myrtle (the true strivers in the novel), though as we'll discuss below, the Buchanans can also provide some interesting layers of discussion. For character analysis that incorporates the American Dream, carefully consider your chosen character's motivations and desires, and how the novel does (or doesn't!) provide glimpses of the dream's fulfillment for them. Gatsby Gatsby himself is obviously the best candidate for writing about the American Dream- he comes from humble roots (he's the son of poor farmers from North Dakota) and rises to be notoriously wealthy, only for everything to slip away from him in the end. Many people also incorporate Daisy into their analyses as the physical representation of Gatsby's dream. However, definitely consider the fact that in the traditional American Dream, people achieve their goals through honest hard work, but in Gatsby's case, he very quickly acquires a large amount of money through crime. Gatsby does attempt the hard work approach, through his years of service to Dan Cody, but that doesn't work out since Cody's ex-wife ends up with the entire inheritance. So instead he turns to crime, and only then does he manage to achieve his desired wealth. So while Gatsby's story arc resembles a traditional rags-to-riches tale, the fact that he gained his money immorally complicates the idea that he is a perfect avatar for the American Dream. Furthermore, his success obviously doesn't last- he still pines for Daisy and loses everything in his attempt to get her back. In other words, Gatsby's huge dreams, all precariously wedded to Daisy ("He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God" (6.134)) are as flimsy and flight as Daisy herself. George and Myrtle Wilson This couple also represents people aiming at the dream- George owns his own shop and is doing his best to get business, though is increasingly worn down by the harsh demands of his life, while Myrtle chases after wealth and status through an affair with Tom. Both are disempowered due to the lack of money at their own disposal- Myrtle certainly has access to some of the "finer things" through Tom but has to deal with his abuse, while George is unable to leave his current life and move West since he doesn't have the funds available. He even has to make himself servile to Tom in an attempt to get Tom to sell his car, a fact that could even cause him to overlook the evidence of his wife's affair. So neither character is on the upward trajectory that the American Dream promises, at least during the novel. In the end, everything goes horribly wrong for both George and Myrtle, suggesting that in this world, it's dangerous to strive for more than you're given. George and Myrtle's deadly fates, along with Gatsby's, help illustrate the novel's pessimistic attitude toward the American Dream. After all, how unfair is it that the couple working to improve their position in society (George and Myrtle) both end up dead, while Tom, who dragged Myrtle into an increasingly dangerous situation, and Daisy, who killed her, don't face any consequences? And on top of that they are fabulously wealthy? The American Dream certainly is not alive and well for the poor Wilsons. Tom and Daisy as Antagonists to the American Dream We've talked quite a bit already about Gatsby, George, and Myrtle- the three characters who come from humble roots and try to climb the ranks in 1920s New York. But what about the other major characters, especially the ones born with money? What is their relationship to the American Dream? Specifically, Tom and Daisy have old money, and thus they don't need the American Dream, since they were born with America already at their feet. Perhaps because of this, they seem to directly antagonize the dream- Daisy by refusing Gatsby, and Tom by helping to drag the Wilsons into tragedy. This is especially interesting because unlike Gatsby, Myrtle, and George, who actively hope and dream of a better life, Daisy and Tom are described as bored and "careless," and end up instigating a large amount of tragedy through their own recklessness. In other words, income inequality and the vastly different starts in life the characters have strongly affected their outcomes. The way they choose to live their lives, their morality (or lack thereof), and how much they dream doesn't seem to matter. This, of course, is tragic and antithetical to the idea of the American Dream, which claims that class should be irrelevant and anyone can rise to the top. Daisy as a Personification of the American Dream As we discuss in our post on money and materialism in The Great Gatsby, Daisy's voice is explicitly tied to money by Gatsby: "Her voice is full of money," he said suddenly. That was it. I'd never understood before. It was full of moneythat was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals' song of it. . . . High in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl. . . . (7.105-6) If Daisy's voice promises money, and the American Dream is explicitly linked to wealth, it's not hard to argue that Daisy herself- along with the green light at the end of her dock- stands in for the American Dream. In fact, as Nick goes on to describe Daisy as "High in a white palace the king's daughter, the golden girl," he also seems to literally describe Daisy as a prize, much like the princess at the end of a fairy tale (or even Princess Peach at the end of a Mario game!). But Daisy, of course, is only human- flawed, flighty, and ultimately unable to embody the huge fantasy Gatsby projects onto her. So this, in turn, means that the American Dream itself is just a fantasy, a concept too flimsy to actually hold weight, especially in the fast-paced, dog-eat-dog world of 1920s America. Furthermore, you should definitely consider the tension between the fact that Daisy represents Gatsby's ultimate goal, but at the same time (as we discussed above), her actual life is the opposite of the American Dream: she is born with money and privilege, likely dies with it all intact, and there are no consequences to how she chooses to live her life in between. Can Female Characters Achieve the American Dream? Finally, it's interesting to compare and contrast some of the female characters using the lens of the American Dream. Let's start with Daisy, who is unhappy in her marriage and, despite a brief attempt to leave it, remains with Tom, unwilling to give up the status and security their marriage provides. At first, it may seem like Daisy doesn't dream at all, so of course she ends up unhappy. But consider the fact that Daisy was already born into the highest level of American society. The expectation placed on her, as a wealthy woman, was never to pursue something greater, but simply to maintain her status. She did that by marrying Tom, and it's understandable why she wouldn't risk the uncertainty and loss of status that would come through divorce and marriage to a bootlegger. Again, Daisy seems to typify the "anti-American" dream, in that she was born into a kind of aristocracy and simply has to maintain her position, not fight for something better. In contrast, Myrtle, aside from Gatsby, seems to be the most ambitiously in pursuit of getting more than she was given in life. She parlays her affair with Tom into an apartment, nice clothes, and parties, and seems to revel in her newfound status. But of course, she is knocked down the hardest, killed for her involvement with the Buchanans, and specifically for wrongfully assuming she had value to them. Considering that Gatsby did have a chance to leave New York and distance himself from the unfolding tragedy, but Myrtle was the first to be killed, you could argue the novel presents an even bleaker view of the American Dream where women are concerned. Even Jordan Baker, who seems to be living out a kind of dream by playing golf and being relatively independent, is tied to her family's money and insulated from consequences by it, making her a pretty poor representation of the dream. And of course, since her end game also seems to be marriage, she doesn't push the boundaries of women's roles as far as she might wish. So while the women all push the boundaries of society's expectations of them in certain ways, they either fall in line or are killed, which definitely undermines the rosy of idea that anyone, regardless of gender, can make it in America. The American Dream as shown in Gatsby becomes even more pessimistic through the lens of the female characters. Focusing the lens on the women is predictably depressing. Common Essay Questions/Discussion Topics Now let's work through some of the more frequently brought up subjects for discussion. #1: Was Gatsby's dream worth it? Was all the work, time, and patience worth it for him? Like me, you might immediately think "of course it wasn't worth it! Gatsby lost everything, not to mention the Wilsons got caught up in the tragedy and ended up dead!" So if you want to make the more obvious "the dream wasn't worth it" argument, you could point to the unraveling that happens at the end of the novel (including the deaths of Myrtle, Gatsby and George) and how all Gatsby's achievements are for nothing, as evidenced by the sparse attendance of his funeral. However, you could definitely take the less obvious route and argue that Gatsby's dream was worth it, despite the tragic end. First of all, consider Jay's unique characterization in the story: "He was a son of Goda phrase which, if it means anything, means just thatand he must be about His Father's Business, the service of a vast, vulgar and meretricious beauty" (6.7). In other words, Gatsby has a larger-than-life persona and he never would have been content to remain in North Dakota to be poor farmers like his parents. Even if he ends up living a shorter life, he certainly lived a full one full of adventure. His dreams of wealth and status took him all over the world on Dan Cody's yacht, to Louisville where he met and fell in love with Daisy, to the battlefields of WWI, to the halls of Oxford University, and then to the fast-paced world of Manhattan in the early 1920s, when he earned a fortune as a bootlegger. In fact, it seems Jay lived several lives in the space of just half a normal lifespan. In short, to argue that Gatsby's dream was worth it, you should point to his larger-than-life conception of himself and the fact that he could have only sought happiness through striving for something greater than himself, even if that ended up being deadly in the end. #2: In the Langston Hughes poem "A Dream Deferred," Hughes asks questions about what happens to postponed dreams. How does Fitzgerald examine this issue of deferred dreams? What do you think are the effects of postponing our dreams? How can you apply this lesson to your own life? If you're thinking about "deferred dreams" in The Great Gatsby, the big one is obviously Gatsby's deferred dream for Daisy- nearly five years pass between his initial infatuation and his attempt in the novel to win her back, an attempt that obviously backfires. You can examine various aspects of Gatsby's dream- the flashbacks to his first memories of Daisy in Chapter 8, the moment when they reunite in Chapter 5, or the disastrous consequences of the confrontation of Chapter 7- to illustrate Gatsby's deferred dream. You could also look at George Wilson's postponed dream of going West, or Myrtle's dream of marrying a wealthy man of "breeding"- George never gets the funds to go West, and is instead mired in the Valley of Ashes, while Myrtle's attempt to achieve her dream after 12 years of marriage through an affair ends in tragedy. Apparently, dreams deferred are dreams doomed to fail. As Nick Carraway says, "you can't repeat the past"- the novel seems to imply there is a small window for certain dreams, and when the window closes, they can no longer be attained. This is pretty pessimistic, and for the prompt's personal reflection aspect, I wouldn't say you should necessarily "apply this lesson to your own life" straightforwardly. But it is worth noting that certain opportunities are fleeting, and perhaps it's wiser to seek out newer and/or more attainable ones, rather than pining over a lost chance. Any prompt like this one which has a section of more personal reflection gives you freedom to tie in your own experiences and point of view, so be thoughtful and think of good examples from your own life! Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. #3: Explain how the novel does or does not demonstrate the death of the American Dream. Is the main theme of Gatsby indeed "the withering American Dream"? What does the novel offer about American identity? In this prompt, another one that zeroes in on the dead or dying American Dream, you could discuss how the destruction of three lives (Gatsby, George, Myrtle) and the cynical portrayal of the old money crowd illustrates a dead, or dying American Dream. After all, if the characters who dream end up dead, and the ones who were born into life with money and privilege get to keep it without consequence, is there any room at all for the idea that less-privileged people can work their way up? In terms of what the novel says about American identity, there are a few threads you could pick up- one is Nick's comment in Chapter 9 about the novel really being a story about (mid)westerners trying (and failing) to go East: "I see now that this has been a story of the West, after allTom and Gatsby, Daisy and Jordan and I, were all Westerners, and perhaps we possessed some deficiency in common which made us subtly unadaptable to Eastern life" (9.125). This observation suggests an American identity that is determined by birthplace, and that within the American identity there are smaller, inescapable points of identification. Furthermore, for those in the novel not born into money, the American identity seems to be about striving to end up with more wealth and status. But in terms of the portrayal of the old money set, particularly Daisy, Tom, and Jordan, the novel presents a segment of American society that is essentially aristocratic- you have to be born into it. In that regard, too, the novel presents a fractured American identity, with different lives possible based on how much money you are born with. In short, I think the novel disrupts the idea of a unified American identity or American dream, by instead presenting a tragic, fractured, and rigid American society, one that is divided based on both geographic location and social class. #4: Most would consider dreams to be positive motivators to achieve success, but the characters in the novel often take their dreams of ideal lives too far. Explain how characters' American Dreams cause them to have pain when they could have been content with more modest ambitions. Gatsby is an obvious choice here- his pursuit of money and status, particularly through Daisy, leads him to ruin. There were many points when perhaps Gatsby ;could have been happy with what he achieved (especially after his apparently successful endeavors in the war, if he had remained at Oxford, or even after amassing a great amount of wealth as a bootlegger) but instead he kept striving upward, which ultimately lead to his downfall. You can flesh this argument out with the quotations in Chapters 6 and 8 about Gatsby's past, along with his tragic death. Myrtle would be another good choice for this type of prompt. In a sense, she seems to be living her ideal life in her affair with Tom- she has a fancy NYC apartment, hosts parties, and gets to act sophisticated- but these pleasures end up gravely hurting George, and of course her association with Tom Buchanan gets her killed. Nick, too, if he had been happy with his family's respectable fortune and his girlfriend out west, might have avoided the pain of knowing Gatsby and the general sense of despair he was left with. You might be wondering about George- after all, isn't he someone also dreaming of a better life? However, there aren't many instances of George taking his dreams of an ideal life "too far." In fact, he struggles just to make one car sale so that he can finally move out West with Myrtle. Also, given that his current situation in the Valley of Ashes is quite bleak, it's hard to say that striving upward gave him pain. #5: The Great Gatsby is, among other things, a sobering and even ominous commentary on the dark side of the American dream. Discuss this theme, incorporating the conflicts of East Egg vs. West Egg and old money vs. new money. What does the American dream mean to Gatsby? What did the American Dream mean to Fitzgerald? How does morality fit into achieving the American dream? This prompt allows you to consider pretty broadly the novel's attitude toward the American Dream, with emphasis on "sobering and even ominous" commentary. Note that Fitzgerald seems to be specifically mocking the stereotypical rags to riches story here- ;especially since he draws the Dan Cody narrative almost note for note from the work of someone like Horatio Alger, whose books were almost universally about rich men schooling young, entrepreneurial boys in the ways of the world. In other words, you should discuss how the Great Gatsby seems to turn the idea of the American Dream as described in the quote on its head: Gatsby does achieve a rags-to-riches rise, but it doesn't last. All of Gatsby's hard work for Dan Cody, after all, didn't pay off since he lost the inheritance. So instead, Gatsby turned to crime after the war to quickly gain a ton of money. Especially since Gatsby finally achieves his great wealth through dubious means, the novel further undermines the classic image of someone working hard and honestly to go from rags to riches. If you're addressing this prompt or a similar one, make sure to focus on the darker aspects of the American Dream, including the dark conclusion to the novel and Daisy and Tom's protection from any real consequences. (This would also allow you to considering morality, and how morally bankrupt the characters are.) #6: What is the current state of the American Dream? This is a more outward-looking prompt, that allows you to consider current events today to either be generally optimistic (the American dream is alive and well) or pessimistic (it's as dead as it is in The Great Gatsby). You have dozens of potential current events to use as evidence for either argument, but consider especially immigration and immigration reform, mass incarceration, income inequality, education, and health care in America as good potential examples to use as you argue about the current state of the American Dream. Your writing will be especially powerful if you can point to some specific current events to support your argument. What's Next? In this post, we discussed how important money is to the novel's version of the American Dream. You can read even more about money and materialism in The Great Gatsby right here. Want to indulge in a little materialism of your own? Take a look through these 15 must-have items for any Great Gatsby fan. Get complete guides to Jay Gatsby, George Wilson and Myrtle Wilson to get even more background on the "dreamers" in the novel. Like we discussed above, the green light is often seen as a stand-in for the idea of the American Dream. Read more about this crucial symbol here. Need help getting to grips with other literary works? Take a spin through our analyses of The Crucible, The Cask of Amontillado, and "Do not go gentle into this good night" to see analysis in action. You might also find our explanations of point of view, rhetorical devices, imagery, and literary elements and devices helpful. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: